During the 2025 GREEN4SEA Singapore Forum, Capt. Saunak Rai, General Manager, FueLNG / Vice Chairman, ICS Singapore Branch, explored the transition beyond fossil fuels and the role of alternative energy in the maritime sector. He provided insights into the availability and affordability of alternative fuels, outlining various fuel pathways to achieving net-zero emissions. Minimizing fuel use as the first step toward sustainability The best fuel is the fuel which is not used: Whether achieved through energy efficiency technologies or reduced consumption, the most sustainable solution begins with minimizing fuel use. Once fuel use becomes necessary, it is essential to evaluate which type of fuel is most appropriate and why. A turbulent year for shipping emissions and energy discourse In 2024, the shipping industry recorded its highest annual emissions to date. Despite widespread discourse surrounding wind propulsion, alternative fuels, and emerging technologies, geopolitical factors, strategic decisions, and conflicts significantly influenced outcomes. Nevertheless, advancements were made, and several key developments warrant attention. According to Clarkson's data, 820 vessels with alternative fuel capabilities were ordered. When measured by gross tonnage, approximately 50% of all global tonnage ordered in 2024 was equipped with dual-fuel engines. DNV reported a 38% year-on-year increase in vessels capable...